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Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment
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Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment
Shifting Practice to Reflect Today's Students and Today's Standards



November 2025 | 280 pages | Corwin

Science education is evolving–and our assessments should, too.

The Next Generation Science Standards and similar standards based on A Framework for K-12 Science Education ushered in a bold vision focused on figuring out phenomena and problems, sensemaking that mirrors how scientists work, and real-world relevance. Although instruction has started to shift, assessment has too often lagged behind—failing to capture or support the depth, complexity, and creativity of meaningful science learning.

Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment: Shifting Practice to Reflect Today’s Students and Today’s Standards is the essential guide for educators and leaders ready to rethink how we understand, evaluate, and support K-12 science learning. Written by Aneesha Badrinarayan, a leading voice in science education and assessment, this book offers a clear roadmap for designing assessments that surface the brilliance of young people in ways that are meaningful, equitable, and grounded in the lived realities of today’s classrooms.

Drawing on four core priorities—sensemaking, relevance, assets, and opportunity—this book empowers educators to move beyond traditional tests to create assessments that reveal what students truly understand and can do.

Bridging cutting-edge research and practical implementation, this book offers:

  • Concrete strategies for using phenomena, problematizing strategies, and purposeful prompts to drive authentic sensemaking
  • Frameworks and tools to develop relevant, asset-based assessments that reflect students’ strengths and experiences and are specific to a given classroom context
  • Approaches to using data for targeted feedback and deeper learning
  • A forward-looking chapter on how to meaningfully integrate AI into science assessment in an age of rapidly evolving technology

Whether you’re a K–12 teacher, instructional leader, or assessment designer, Surfacing Brilliance Through Meaningful Science Assessment will transform how you think about using assessment to understand, evaluate, and support student learning. This guide ensures that educators and leaders assess students in ways that center student brilliance, embrace innovation, and inspire learners to achieve ambitious learning goals in science.

 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Author
 
Author’s Note
 
PART 1: UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE STANDARDS IN FUTURE-FOCUSED WAYS
 
Introduction: Setting the Stage
A Quick Primer on the Next Generation Science Standards

 
Grounding Principles and Needed Shifts in Science Assessment

 
This Is Not Your Typical Science Assessment Book

 
Overview of This Book

 
Language Use in This Book

 
 
CHAPTER 1: Future-Focused Science Assessments: Interpreting the NGSS and Similar Standards for Meaningful Assessments in a Rapidly Evolving World
Understanding Our Foundation: Current Features of High-Quality Science Assessments

 
Landscape Shift 1: Local and Cultural Relevance and Personalization

 
Landscape Shift 2: Competencies and Durable Skills

 
Landscape Shift 3: Technology and Its Impact on Teaching, Learning, and Assessment in Science

 
Future-Focused Science Assessment: Evolution

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
PART 2: FOUR PRIORITIES FOR SURFACING SCIENCE THINKING IN TRUSTWORTHY AND USEFUL WAYS
 
CHAPTER 2: Priority 1: Sensemaking
Defining Sensemaking in Assessment

 
Why Is Sensemaking So Important?

 
What Leads to Sensemaking in Assessment Tasks

 
Pathways to Sensemaking: Phenomena, Problematizing, and Prompts

 
Choosing a Phenomenon to Drive Sensemaking

 
Problematizing a Phenomenon to Surface Sensemaking

 
Crafting Prompts to Elicit Sensemaking

 
Scaffolding Sensemaking in Assessment Tasks

 
Deep Dive Into Choosing Meaningful Phenomena: Right-Sizing Phenomena and Problems to a Given Assessment Task

 
Using Phenomena to Understand Transfer and Generalizability of Science Learning

 
Caution: Ensuring Transfer Doesn’t Become a Pass for Discrimination and Inequity

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
CHAPTER 3: Priority 2: Relevance
Making Assessment Tasks Relevant—Not Just Interesting—to Learners and Their Communities

 
Using Culture as a Concrete Path to Relevance in Science Assessments

 
Understanding Our Students: An Example

 
Attending to Culture and Relevance at the Scale of Many Students

 
Windows and Mirrors: A Strategy for Approaching Relevance at Scale

 
Features of Culturally Conscious Assessments

 
Motivation and Affect: Reimagining One of Assessment’s Cardinal Rules

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
CHAPTER 4: Priority 3: Assets
Looking for Assets in Student Sensemaking

 
Key Features of Asset-Based Assessment Practices in Science

 
Moving Beyond Misconceptions: Reframing Our Orientation to Wrong and Incomplete Answers

 
Implications of Asset-Based Approaches for Assessment Tasks and Data Dashboards

 
Habits and Beliefs of Asset-Based Assessors

 
Celebrating Assets of Students Who Think Differently Than We Do

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
CHAPTER 5: Priority 4: Opportunity and Experience
The Relationship Between Opportunity, Experience, and Performance

 
Making the Right Information Available

 
Impact on Students

 
A Window Into Practices and Durable Skills

 
What Experiences Should We Measure?

 
Turning Experience Information Into Insights About Opportunity to Learn That Influence Our Interpretations of Student Performance and Next Steps in Instruction

 
Using Opportunity and Experience Data to Foster New Conversations With Parents

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
PART 3: PUTTING THE PRIORITIES TO WORK
 
CHAPTER 6: Choosing and Designing Assessments That Center the Four Priorities
Reviewing Tasks: Criteria

 
Reviewing Tasks: Process

 
Some Tips to Help Quick Task Evaluation

 
Developing Assessments That Are Designed for the Science Standards in Ways That Center the Four Priorities

 
Step 1: Understand and Define Your Assessment Targets Within a Future-Focused Framework

 
Step 2: Unpack Standards and Other Learning Goals With Learners’ Culture, Interests, and Identities in Mind

 
Step 3: Write Claims for Your Assessment That Synthesize Your Focal DCIs, SEPs, CCCs, and Durable Skills Into a Statement About Student Learning

 
Step 4: Choose a Phenomenon or Problem That Centers Specific Communities, Interests, and Reasons for Engaging

 
Step 5: Create a Problematized Scenario Based on the Phenomenon

 
Step 6: Develop Complete Student Explanations or Models That Specifically Account for How Different Perspectives and Ideas Can Be Valued in Complete Responses

 
Step 7: Develop Prompts That Elicit Sensemaking With Multiple Dimensions and Lived Experiences

 
Step 8: Develop Asset-Oriented Interpretation Guidance for Student Responses

 
Step 9: Invite Feedback and Review From Those Closest to Students You Are Least Connected To

 
Step 10: Pilot and Revise, Focusing on Learners at the Margins

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
CHAPTER 7: Using Generative AI in Responsible Ways to Support Science Assessment Design and Use
Defining Terms

 
Understanding the Current State of Generative AI in Science Assessment

 
Ways Generative AI Might Support Science Assessment

 
Approaching AI as a “Collaborator” in Science Assessment Activities

 
A Use-Case: AI in Science Assessment Review

 
Guiding Principles for Using Generative AI in Science Assessment Processes (AKA Aneesha's Laws of Assessment Machines)

 
Supporting Social Sensemaking

 
Some Final Caveats

 
Chapter Summary

 
Reflection Questions

 
 
CHAPTER 8: Epilogue: An Invitation to Imagine
 
References
 
Index

Badrinarayan is fierce in her belief in all students. This is a must-read for anyone interested in unlocking the transformative power of assessment. With her engaging tone, timely ideas, and relevant examples, Badrinarayan’s contributions transcend science. This is a much-needed guidebook for addressing the enduring challenge of re-imagining assessment to better serve learners. The future is bright! 

Susan Lyons
Lyons Assessment Consulting
Wayland, MA
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ISBN: 9781071968086
£29.99